Vol 9 Iss 1

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The Demand for and the Puzzle of Indonesian Decentralization Policy Reform

Syarif Hidayat^a, ^aDepartment of Doctoral Political Science School Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^asyarif.hidayat@civitas.unas.ac.id

This paper attempts to review the concept, policies, and some studies concerning the nature of decentralization in Indonesia. The aims are to cast light on the issues of why Indonesians think that decentralization is necessary, and to identify how the controversy between ideological vs. technical orientation has emerged since the independence. It is  believed that the introduction of decentralization and regional autonomy policies in the post-Suharto’s period reduced the regional government dissatisfaction with the central government. It has also opened the political space for citizen participation in the policymaking process, and in governing their communities. Indonesian must put decentralization on the right track to prevent the desire of central government “to bring the centralized power back in”. Pages 1 to 16

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Reconsidering the Concept of Good Governance: A Theoretical Discourse

Syarif Hidayat^a, Irma Indrayani^b, ^aDepartment of Doctoral Political Science School Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, ^bDepartment of International Relations Faculty of Social anda Political Science Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Email: ^asyarif.hidayat@civitas.unas.ac.id, ^birma.indrayani@civitas.unas.ac.id

This paper attempts to scrutinize the strengths and weaknesses of the concept of good governance, then to further carry out a "conceptual reconstruction" of the most suitable kind of governance for developing countries in general. Indonesia will be the focus of this paper.  The authors argue that the existence of the current good governance concept and its practices were a part of a "tool" in guarding the international development agendas. As a result, the parameters that were derived also tend to be one size fits for all. It is therefore necessary to re-analyze the concept of good governance again to bring the "right" governance back in. The ability to adapt to the idea of management that are adjusted with the characteristics of the social, cultural, economic, and political characters of the community was the basic argumentation on the success of managing the state and society. In brief, the idea of governance proposed by the authors was based on, at least, four pillars; Development, Democracy, Socially Inclusive, and Cultural and Historical context (local content). Pages 17 to 37

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 The Performance of Certified Islamic Education Teachers (IET) in Bekasi City

Yayat Suharyat^a, Ali Nurdin^b, ^aIslamic University "45" (UNISMA) Bekasi, Indonesia, ^bUniversitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^ayayat_suharyat@unismabekasi.ac.id, ^bali.nurdin@uinjkt.ac.id

Each profession must have essential values in order to meet professional goals and demands. This study aims to map the professional potential of Islamic Education Teachers (IET) according to the standards of learning processes. As a result, this mapping can be useful for school organizers to make improvements when there are difficulties in implementing such a standard. The purpose of this study is to identify: (1) The steps taken by IET in formulating their lesson plans, (2) The techniques performed by IET in preparing and enriching their teaching materials, (3) The learning strategies applied by IET, and (4) The evaluation methods used by IET during and after the learning process. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data was collected through document analyses, observations, and interviews with teachers and principals from several high schools in Bekasi City, West Java. The data was analysed using the model of data analysis suggested by Milles and Huberman. The results of the research show the following issues. Firstly, the majority of IET who have already been certified to teach in Secondary Schools in Bekasi City have made their lesson plans for both inside and outside the classroom. However, the quality of their lesson plans cannot be accounted for academically. Secondly, overall, the techniques performed by the IET in preparing and enriching their teaching materials still requires special attention. This is due to the lack of habit and discipline in developing their teaching materials. Thirdly, there has been a change in the learning strategies applied by the IET. Previously, their teaching did not actively involve many students. In the new way, however, their teaching directly involves more students.  Finally, the evaluation methods used by the IET during and after the learning process are still not maximized. This is due to the fact that there are so many forms of assessment which have to be filled out by the IET in assessing their students. Pages 38 to 47

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Industrial Services in High School Education: The Relationship between the Attitude of the Teaching Profession and School Organizational Climate with Teachers’ Work Discipline

Ahmad Hidayat^a, Paisal Halim^b, Syamsiah Badruddin^c, Suci Ayu Kurniah Puteri^d, Zaman Zaini^e, Saepudin^f, ^aInstitut Ilmu Sosial dan Manajemen STIAMI, Jakarta, Indonesia, ^b,cDepartment of  Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, ^dUniversitas Indonesia Timur, Makassar, Indonesia, ^eInstitut Ilmu Sosial dan Manajemen STIAMI Jakarta, Indonesia, ^fUniversitas Islam Attahiryah Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^aahmadmangga99@gmail.com, ^bpaisalhalim@civitas.unas.ac.id, ^csyamsiah_badruddin@civitas.unas.ac.id,  ^dsuciayu_0904078701@uit.ac.id, ^ezamanzaini@yahoo.co.id, ^fsasmintarasmintar@gmail.com

The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between attitude of the teaching profession and school organizational climate with teachers’ work discipline. The respondents involved were teachers at Junior High School 112, Jakarta.  In this study, the hypotheses tested were: (1) there was a positive correlation between attitude of the teaching profession and teachers’ work discipline (2) there was  a positive correlation between the schools organizational climate and teachers’ work discipline, and (3) there were positive correlations between attitude of the teaching profession and school organizational climate with teachers’ work discipline.  This research was conducted at the Junior High School 112, Jakarta by using a survey method. For  the sample, 37 Teachers were involved. These teachers were selected through a total sampling technique. To analyze the data, the researchers employed regression and correlation techniques (Simple and Multiple). Moreover, the instruments were validated with a product-moment method for variable attitude of the teaching profession (X1), and school organizational climate (X2) by using grains analyses. To measure the reliability of the instruments, a Cronbach Alpha was used. As a result, it was found that: (1) There was positive correlation between  attitude of the teaching profession (X1) and teachers’ work discipline (Y), (2) There was positive correlation between school organizational climate (X2) and teachers’ work discipline; (3) There was positive correlation between attitude of the teaching profession (X1) and  school organizational climate (X2) together with teachers’ work discipline. Pages 48 to 68

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The Effects of Competence and Network System on the Effectiveness of E-Identity Card Printing in Gambir Sub-District, Central Jakarta

Akhmad H. Rahadian^a, Agus Wardjono^b, Paisal Halim^c, Syamsiah Badruddin^d, ^a,bDepartment of Puiblic Administration Post Graduate Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Manajemen STIAMI, Jakarta, Indonesia, ^b,cDepartment of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^arahadian@stiami.ac.id,  ^baguswardjono@stiami.ac.id, cpaisalhalim@civitas.unas.ac.id, ^dsyamsiah_badruddin@civitas.unas.com

The purpose of this study to determine the influence of competence and network systems on the effectiveness of e-identity card printing. The theory used in this study refers to the opinion of the Mulyasa Mc Ashan on competence, Siagian on network systems, and Steers of the effectiveness of e-identity card printing. The method used in this research is quantitative method through a survey, with a sample of 40 people. The sample calculation used was a saturated sample of the entire population. An analysis using SPSS version 23 for Windows has indicated that the t test results showed that the competency has a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness of e-identity card printing amounted to 0.681 or 68.1%, since t is greater than t table. In the second partial t test results showed that the network system has a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness of e-identity card printing of 0667 or 66.7% because t is greater than t table. The independent variables simultaneously competence and networking system tested F has a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness of e-identity card printing of 0.725 or 72.5%, since F count larger than F table. Pages 69 to 94

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The Underground Economy, Deindustrialization, and Poverty: A Study on the Trade Network of Textiles and Product Textiles in Indonesia

Erna Ermawati Chotim^a, Diana Fawzia^b, Paisal Halim^c, Syamsiah Badruddin^d, ^a,b,c,dDepartment of  Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, erna.chotim@civitas.unas.ac.id,  diana.fawzia@civitas.unas.ac.id,  paisalhalim@civitas.unas.ac.id,  syamsiah_badruddin@civitas.unas.ac.id

This paper discusses the underground economy, a form of economic activity whose definition is often not clear and overlaps with the concepts of informal economy and illegal economy. This paper discusses the differences between the concepts and describes perspectives related to the existence of an underground economy. One standpoint views underground economy as a manifestation of new economic activities in the context of production and trading, reorganizing  the current global economic situation. In this context, the underground economy is regarded as a new opportunity for economic freedom. However, there is also another perspective which assumes that the underground economy is a form of deindustrialization and social exclusion, which can be described as a decrease of social and individual freedom that influences social inequality and poverty. Marginalisation, exploitation, and vulnerability become important dimensions in the discussion on underground economy. This paper focuses on trade network of the textile and textile products sector in Indonesia. Pages 95 to 115

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Indonesian Maritime Diplomacy, through the Indian Ocean Rim Association, in Realising the Goal to become the World Maritime Axis

Irma Indrayani^a, Chika Kirana Budi Pratita^b, Paisal Halim^c, ^a,bDepartment of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Thailand, ^cDepartment of  Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ^airma.indrayani@civitas.unas.ac.id, ^bchika.kirana@civitas.unas.ac.id,  ^cpaisalhalim@civitas.unas.ac.id

With its enormous marine potential and strategic geographical location, Indonesia must start focusing on the sea to realise its dream as the World Maritime Axis through maritime diplomacy. Based on this, the research question in this paper is how Indonesian maritime diplomacy, through the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), realised the dream of being the world maritime axis in 2015-2017. This study uses qualitative methods. Meanwhile, to answer research questions, this research uses the concept of the World Maritime Axis, foreign politics, and maritime diplomacy. The result of this study indicates that with the implementation of various Indonesian initiatives, through its position as chairman of IORA, Indonesia successfully improved its image as a maritime nation among IORA member countries. Indonesia's leadership in the IORA, that was followed by financial assistance and technical assistance, increased Indonesia's bargaining power as the world's maritime axis. Pages 116 to 134

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Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Among Mathematics Teachers on Function Materials through Lesson Study in Junior High School

Ma’rufi^a, Muhammad Ilyas^b, ^a,bUniversitas Cokroaminoto Palopo, Indonesia, Email: ^amarufi@uncp.ac.id,  ^bmuhammadilyas@uncp.ac.id

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is the teacher’s knowledge of aspects such as pedagogy, students, subject matter and curriculum. The PCK for mathematics teachers is very important for the success of students’ learning process, as well as their interest. Mentoring is defined as a model of guidance and assistance through collaboration between lecturers and teachers. In addition, the collaboration between lecturers and teachers in preparing plans, implementing learning processes and reflection, can improve the quality of learning itself. This research was conducted in developing a mathematics teacher mentoring model based on PCK and lesson study. The focus was not on the process of developing a teacher mentoring model, but rather, to describe the teacher’s PCK during the learning process via observation. Subsequently, data was collected through observation while learning, lesson plan analysis and interviews…. Pages 135 to 156

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Agricultural conversion phenomenon to non-agricultural land in Tasikmalaya City

Fadjarajani^a*, Singkawijaya^b, ^a,bDepartment of Geography Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Siliwangi University, Email: ^a*sitifadjarajani@unsil.ac.id

This study aims to determine the phenomenon of land conversion and the factors that affect the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural in Tasikmalaya City. Land conversion is a common phenomenon along with urban land dynamics. The research method used was a descriptive method, with an observation data collection technique, documentation study, and literature study. The result of the research showed that (1) the phenomenon of conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture could be seen from the agricultural land area converted to non-agriculture; and (2) the factors that influenced the conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture were population growth causing increased economic need, as well as government policy factors in the development of regional infrastructure. Pages 157 to 166

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 Effective Combination of Phyllanthus Niruri Linn. and Metformin to Improve Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats

A S Kosnayani^a*, AK Hidayat^b, Darmana E^c, I Riwanto^d, S Hadisaputro^e, ^a,bSiliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, East Java, Indonesia, ^c,d,eDiponegoro University, Centre Java, Indonesia, Email: ^a*aisrikosnayani@unsil.ac.id

Obesity is always relevant to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, if not treated, will develop into Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Insulin resistance cannot be cured but controlled, through the management of obesity, with non-pharmacological or pharmacological approaches, such as using metformin. Metformin can reduce weight, blood glucose, and improve the lipid profile. However, it still has the disadvantage of indigestion and decreases the absorption of vitamin B12. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative form of herbal medicine. Phyllanthus niruri Linn. is known for being a hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, antioxidant that can control weight. This study aims to determine the effect of combination extracts of P. niruri, and metformin to improve insulin resistance in obese rats. The effect of repeated administration of a combination water extract of P. niruri 400 mg/kg BW and metformin 45 mg/kg BW was evaluated in obese Sprague Dawley rats and the placebo group. The indicators measured were Lee Obesity Index, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance. They were measured pre, after seven days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. A combination water extract of P. niruri, can give the effect of a lower Lee Obesity Index and differ from the control group (placebo) (p>0.05), lower blood glucose levels, insulin and insulin resistance (Homa_IR) with different effects (p<0.05). It was concluded that the combination water extract of P. niruri and metformin was effective to improve insulin resistance in obese rats. Pages 167 to 176

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Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills of Students Based on the Kolb Learning Style through Creative Problem-Solving Learning

N Ratnaningsih^a, E Hidayat^b, S Santika^c, ^a,b,cUniversitas Siliwangi, Jl. Siliwangi No. 24 Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, Email: ^ananiratnaningsih@unsil.ac.id

This study applies creative problem-solving learning to explore problem-solving skills and learning styles, which are important skills to train students. The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe the students' mathematical problem-solving skills and Kolb learning styles. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects are 10^th grade middle-class students in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Data collection techniques were applied through mathematical problem-solving tests, learning style questionnaires, and interviews. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the type of learning style of students through creative problem-solving learning consists of divergent, assimilation, convergence, and accommodation. Students' whose learning styles were divergent or assimilation, enabled them to understand problems, plan problem-solving strategies, and perform calculations correctly. While students with convergent and accommodation type learning styles were capable of recognising problems, and planning problem-solving strategies, but were less able to perform the calculations correctly. Students of divergent, assimilation, convergence, and accommodation types, are less able to look back on the truth of the answers in a different way. Thus, divergent and assimilation-type students are better at solving mathematical problems. Pages 177 to 186

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 The Role of Media in the Learning Outcomes of Cognitive Learning and Logical Reasoning of Prospective Biology Teachers in the Wimba Learning Model

P K Suprapto^a, D Hernawati^b*, D M Chaidir^c, M Ali^d, ^a,b,c,dBiology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Siliwangi, Jl. Siliwangi No.24, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, Email: ^b*purwatikuswarini@unsil.ac.id

Spatial ability has received less attention in learning, whereas it is well known that spatial ability makes it easier for students to understand science. This research aims to determine the role of 3D media on cognitive learning outcomes and reasoning for prospective biology teacher candidates by using the Wimba learning model. The Wimba learning model is a visuospatial-based learning model for enhancing spatial abilities. Research on the role of traditional media playdough (PD) and modern media with 3Ds Max software on learning outcomes and logical reasoning has been observed. The research was conducted by using a descriptive quantitative method and applying it to different learning outcomes on treatment with PD and 3Ds Max media. This was undertaken with two classes of Biology students during semester four, amounting to 56 students who took the course of plant anatomy. The first class was evaluated with PD media, while the second class was evaluated with 3Ds Max media. The results of the research based on PD showed improved learning outcomes with low categories, while logical reasoning can develop proportional variables and enhanced control variables. The results of the research based on 3Ds Max showed an improvement of learning outcomes with the medium category, and that logical reasoning can develop better on correlational and combinatorial variables and is able to improve student intellectual development. It was concluded that 3Ds Max media plays a better role in cognitive learning outcomes and reasoning. Pages 187 to 196

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The Challenges of Pedagogy and the Application of ICT in Applying English for Academic Purposes Course: Teachers’ Insights

D Kardijan^a, A Yundayani^b, ^aDepartment of English Education, Faculty of Teachers’ Training and Education Sciences, University of Siliwangi, ^bDepartment of English Education, Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Kusumanegara, Jakarta^., Email: ^adiankardijan@unsil.ac.id

English for academic purposes (EAP), as a study skill, is a requirement for students at the university level in sustaining their academic competencies. However, the question of how best to teach the EAP course is largely overlooked, including the application of ICT as the learning media. The current study explores the challenges of pedagogy and the application of ICT in applying the EAP course, taken from English teachers’ perspective. The descriptive inquiry was used in identifying data. Observation and interview were undertaken to explore the multiple realities condition involving the thematic analysis used. The students’ survey was done to strengthen the collected data. The findings show that (1) needs analysis has not been implemented according to the ESP approach; (2) teacher’s difficulties in syllabus and course design are due to the large size of the EAP class and a lack of know-how in designing the effective EAP course; (3) material writing is a slight problem for the teachers due to a lack of knowledge, self-confidence, creativity, imagination and experience related with the students’ discipline in study; (4) the implemented evaluation is only focused on a paper and pencil test; 5) teachers had a strong desire to use ICT in applying the EAP course, but they encountered several barriers, like insufficient technical support and limited access to the internet. These are also considered as the major barriers preventing teachers from integrating ICT into the EAP class. In addition, the teachers have not maximised all the learning components and media in the implementation of the EAP course. EAP teachers have an important role in achieving the EAP learning goal. Teachers’ competencies should be upgraded and stakeholders’ support is required, including in providing suitable facilities in supporting the learning process. Pages 197 to 213

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Implementation of Academic Supervision of Mathematics Teaching and Learning Process by the Head of SDN in Ciawi Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency

E A R Arhasy^a*, E Mulyani^b, ^a,bUniversitas Siliwangi, Jl. Siliwangi No. 24 Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, Email: ^a*ebihabdarhasy@unsil.ac.id

This research was conducted to describe the implementation of mathematical academic supervision led by the principal of an elementary school in mathematics subjects. This study was performed to realistically review the implementation of academic supervision. The supervision was essential to foster teachers in improving the quality of the learning process. The descriptive study was conducted on the principal of Elementary Schools in the Education and Culture UPT in Ciawi Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. The results showed that the implementation of academic supervision in mathematics subjects at the Ciawi District Elementary School worked quite well but didn't show optimal results in terms of learning planning, learning implementation plan, implementation of classroom learning, and observation findings and problems found not fully inventoried. Pages 214 to 222

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Analysis of mathematical thinking skills and self-regulated learning in capita select mathematics

H Patmawati^a*, N Ratnaningsih^b, R Hermanto^c, ^a,b,cUniversitas Siliwangi, Jl. Siliwangi No. 24 Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, Email: ^a*hettypatmawati@unsil.ac.id

The objectives of this research are to explore mathematical thinking; critical and creative thinking mathematical skills. The research methods and properties used at the beginning of this study, particularly in the first phase, consisted of theoretical and literature studies, considering the rational, empirical studies conducted when testing teaching materials and instruments that are interactive of critical and creative thinking mathematical skills. The sample in this research were mathematics education students who took courses in Capita Selecta math; three groups consisting of 110 people. Data was collected to measure the ability to think critically and creatively, mathematically, through a written test while learning autonomy used to measure a questionnaire with the Likert scale. The results of the research indicated that a character-based interactive learning media facilitates self-regulated learning in the course of Capita Selecta. The ability of students to think critically and creatively, mathematically, was adjusted at a high-level qualification. The highest error of mathematic critical thinking made by students was at the focus indicator, while the highest error of mathematic creative thinking was at the originality indicator. Pages 223 to 229

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Sustainability of the Polyculture Plantation Model

Rina Nuryati^a*, Lies Sulistyowati^b, Iwan Setiawan^c, Trisna Insan Noor^d, ^aDosen Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Siliwangi, ^b,c,dDosen Fakultas Pertanian dan Sekolah Pascasarjana UNPAD, EMail: ^a*rinanuryati@unsil.ac.id

The ecology zone of southern West Java is dominated by dryland with a high level in slope, therefore it is vulnerable towards extreme climate change. The mismanagement of the ecology zone could create a negative impact on the social, economic, and environmental condition. The Polyculture Planation Model (PPM) is agreed as the conducive farming model to lead environmental protection and the improvement of dryland. The question remains as to whether the PPM model is conducive towards the farmer’s economic and social-culture sustainability. This research intended to analyse the sustainability and influence factors of the PPM. The research was conducted in the District Tasikmalaya, West Java, and was designed quantitatively using the survey method. The primary data was randomised from 250 farmers and collected via a questionnaire. The data was then analysed both descriptively and with inferential statistics using PLS. The secondary data was collected from an institution and literature study.  The result showed that the PPM positively influenced environmental sustainability, contributed to economic sustainability and constructed on social sustainability. The capitals of agricultural potential and multifunction influenced the PPM sustainability either partially or simultaneously. The increasing creation added value of the multifunction product and the PPM agent regeneration is needed in order to suite between social, economic, and environmental aspects of PPM. Pages 230 to 244

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Comparative Analysis of Wet and Dry Season Rice Cropping

Rudi Priyadi^a, Rina Nuryati^b, ^aProgram Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Siliwangi, ^bJl. Siliwangi No 24 Tasikmalaya telp. (0265) 323531 fax. (0265) 325812, Email: a*rudipriyadi@yahoo.com

Rice crop production almost always depends on the season, which can influence production activity. The research concerning the comparative study of wet and dry season rice, aimed to know the impact both of planting seasons on farmer production yield, cost, revenue, and income. The research method used a case study on farmer group Chandrapati at Pejaten, Sidamulih District Pangandaran by the census to all of the members as respondents of 25 persons. We collected the primary and secondary data and analysed it with the Wilcoxon test from August until November 2015. The result showed that there were three significant differences among production, cost, revenue, and income of wet and dry season rice crop production. Wet season rice crop production was higher than the dry season (2.011 ton/0.4 acre or 5.0275ton/acre Vs. 1.765 ton/0.4 ha or 4.4125 ton/acre. In contrast to the total production cost, the dry season (2,709,472IDR) was higher than the wet season (2.597.272 IDR). Revenue and income of rice crop production were higher in the dry season than in a wet season as well. Dry season revenue was 7.943.400 IDR, and wet season revenue was 7,641,496IDR, while dry season income was 5,233,928 and wet season income 2,597,244. Pages 245 to 257

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Conjecturing Via Analogical Reasoning to Trigger Divergent and Convergent Thinking

Supratman^a, Linda Herawati^b, Reza El Akbar^c, ^a,b,cMathematics Education, 3) Informatics Engineering of Univeritas Siliwangi in Tasikmalaya (Indonesia), Email: ^asupratman@unsil.ac.id,  ^blindaherawati@unsil.ac.id,   ^creza@unsil.ac.id

This study aims to reveal divergent and convergent thinking due to conjecture via analogical reasoning. Revealing divergent and convergent thinking was carried out through the exploration of 67 eighth grade students in Tasikmalaya through open questions about the analogy of the problem. The research method used the think aloud method, equipped with unstructured interviews and obtained verbal data related to divergent thinking and convergent thinking. Students with divergent thinking are able to produce new ideas that are often associated with creativity, while people with types of convergent thinking are able to analyse ideas that are associated with their ability to solve problems. Pages 258 to 277

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The Local Wisdom of Tasikmalaya embroidery in the Creative Economy for The Modern Era (Study in Tasikmalaya City, West Java)

Yus Darusman^a, ^aFKIP Universitas Siliwangi  Tasikmalaya Jl. Siliwangi Nomor 24 Tasikmalaya, Email: ^ayus.darusman@gmail.com

This research is aimed to obtain data and information about the local wisdom of embroidery as available for creative economy for the modern era, and has been a prior commodity for Tasikmalaya Citizen. The method is qualitative naturalistic or qualitative with data collecting techniques through observation and participant interview. Data source or informant is determined by purposive sampling with the snow ball technique. Data processing is started from data reduction, data classification, coding, matrix, interpretation, and explanation. It’s results shows that Tasikmalaya embroidery as women's creativity to kill time, has been an adaptive local wisdom-based creative economy toward development in the modern era. Embroidery has been a choice as a prior economical commodity which is able to raise economy development for the Tasikmalaya citizen. The organisation of embroidery trading is quite unique and hard to imitate by others, because it occurs along with indigenous education by family and hereditary craftsman. Pages 278 to 294

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 Using Valsiner theory to improve pre-service teachers’ advanced mathematical thinking skills

S Tirto^a, Y Heryani^b, Supratman^c, ^a,b,cUniversitas Siliwangi, Jl. Siliwangi No. 24 Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia, Email: ^asritirtomadawistama@unsil.ac.id,  ^byeniheryani@unsil.ac.id,  ^csupratman@unsil.ac.id

There are so many teaching methods that have been applied to create something active and fun for students, one of which is through the process of constructing Valsiner zones. This research aims to analyse the improvement of advanced mathematical thinking skills of mathematics education students at Siliwangi University of Tasikmalaya, through learning based on the Valsiner theory. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental, with a research population that is pre-service teachers of mathematics education at the University of Siliwangi Tasikmalaya and the sample are students who follow the course of probability theory in semester V, consisting of one experiment class with 42 people and one control class with 40 people in the Mathematics Education Study Program. Random sampling was done by class. Data collection techniques included advanced mathematical thinking skills consisting of representation, abstraction, representational and abstraction relationships, creativity and mathematical proof tests. The data analysis technique used a two-averaging difference test of the two groups. The data obtained are categorised based on Mathematical Preliminary Ability (MPA) at above, middle and below. Conclusions, learning based on Valsiner theory can improve advanced mathematical thinking skills of pre-service teachers. Pages 295 to 302

Participation Deficit in Local Governance in Contemporary Indonesia

TB Massa Djafar^a, Hari Zamharir^b, Firdaus Syam^c, ^a,b,cDepartment of Political Science School of Postgraduate, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta. Indonesia, Email: tb.massa@civitas.unas.ac.id,  hari.zamhurir@civitas.unas.ac.id, firdaus.syam@civitas.unas.ac.id